- Service primitives - A service is formally specified by a set of primitives or operations available to the user to access the service. These primitives tell the service to perform some action or report an action taken by the peer entity. The primitives for the connection-oriented service are given in the table.
| Primitive | Meaning |
| LISTEN | Block waiting for an incoming connection |
| CONNECT | Establish a connection with a waiting peer |
| RECEIVE | Block waiting for an incoming message |
| SEND | Send a message to the peer |
| DISCONNECT | Terminate a connection |
Each protocol which communicates in a layered architecture communicates in a peer-to-peer manner with its remote protocol entity. Communications between adjacent protocol layers are managed by calling functions, called primitives, between the layers. A primitive initiates an action or advises the result of an action. Each primitive may contain parameters to convey the Protocol Control Information (PCI) needed to perform its functions.
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